Simple Present Tense: Pengertian, Rumus dan Contohnya

Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi saat ini, atau kejadian yang berulang kali terjadi seperti kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Rumus Simple Present Tense

Formula atau rumus simple present tense adalah:

Kalimat Affirmative (+)

• Subject + To be (is, am, are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
• Subject + Verb I + s/es (penambahan s/es untuk subject he/she/it) + Adverb

Kalimat Negative (-)

• Subject + To be (is, am, are) + not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
• Subject + Do / Does + not + Verb I + Adverb

Kalimat Interrogative (?)

• To be (is, am, are) + Subject + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
• Do / Does + Subject + Verb I + Adverb

Subject	To Be	Do / Does
I	Am	Do
You	Are	Do
They	Are	Do
We	Are	Do
He	Is	Does
She	Is	Does
It	Is	Does

Contoh Simple Present Tense

Mari perhatikan contoh berikut:

(+) She is very happy.
(-) She is not very happy.
(?) Is she very happy?

Pada kalimat di atas, She sebagai subject, is sebagai to be dan happy merupakan adjective/kata sifat. Contoh lainnya:

• (+) I am lazy.
  (-) I am not lazy.
  (?) Am I lazy?
• (+) They are very famous.
  (-) They are not very famous.
  (?) Are they very famous?
• (+) You are a student.
  (-) You are not a student.
  (?) Are you a student?

Mari perhatikan contoh selanjutnya:

(+) She does her homework.
(-) She does not do her homework.
(?) Does she do her homework?

Pada kalimat di atas, She sebagai subject, does merupakan verb/kata kerja bentuk pertama (do) + es. Contoh lainnya:

• (+) He goes to school every morning.
  (-) He does not go to school every morning.
  (?) Does he go to school every morning?
• (+) Ani cooks in the kitchen.
  (-) Ani does not cook in the kitchen.
  (?) Does Ani cook in the kitchen?
• (+) They watch movies every weekend.
  (-) They do not watch movies every weekend.
  (?) Do they watch movies every weekend?

Pada umumnya kata kerja dasar/Verb I/Infinitive, berakhiran vokal+y, dan berakhiran e, akhirannya ditambah “s”, contohnya:

• to bring = brings
• to eat = eats
• to make = makes
• play = plays
• say = says
• enjoy = enjoys
• operate = operates
• imitate = imitates
• evaluate = evaluates

Kata kerja dasar yang berakhiran o, e, ch, sh, x, dan z, akhirannya ditambahkan “es”, contohnya:

• attach = attaches
• wish = wishesc
• mix = mixes
• go = goes
• box = boxes

Kata kerja dasar yang berakhiran konsonan+y, akhirannya “y” diganti “i” dan ditambahkan “es”, contohnya:

• apply = applies
• fly = flies
• amplify = amplifies
• study = studies

Berikut ini coontoh-contoh lain kalimat menggunakan simple present tense affirmative (+), negative (-), interrogative (?).

• (+) Mario is the President of MarioLand.
  (-) Mario is not the President of MarioLand.
  (?) Is Mario the President of MarioLand?
• (+) She reads a book every night.
  (-) She does not read a book every night.
  (?) Does she read a book every night?
• (+) They watch new movies every Friday.
  (-) They do not watch new movies every Friday.
  (?) Do they watch new movies every Friday?
• (+) Ririn takes math lessons every Monday.
  (-) Ririn does not take math lessons every Monday.
  (?) Does Ririn take math lessons every Monday?
• (+) Andi sleeps for five hours every Monday.
  (-) Andi does not sleep for five hours every Monday.
  (?) Does Andi sleep for five hours every Monday?